The Eradication Of Cancer And Cancer Essay - 1118 Words

1.1. Introduction Eradication of cancer is one of the key challenges for medicine in the 21st century, breast cancer being the most common type of cancer in women, worldwide (Arteaga and Baselga, 2012, Vidal et al., 2012 and Weinstein et al., 1997).Breast cancers are classified on the basis of expression of hormone receptors i.e., Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor and HER2. The subtypes are as follows: †¢ Luminal tumors (HR +) †¢ HER2 amplified tumors †¢ Triple negative breast cancer tumors (TNBC) Approximately, 10-15% of breast cancer cases are accounted by triple negative breast cancer. These tumors are characterized by the absence of ER, PR and HER2. Chemotherapy, therefore, is the only systemic option for patients with TNBC. (Twelves C et al, 2016 and Banerji et al.,2012) 1.2. Comparison of 2D and 3D (spheroid) cancer models on the basis of their drug screening ability Several studies have shown the use of 2D cancer models to identify the efficacy of a particular drug. However, these cancer models have limited predictive value to show a realistic stimulation of in vivo tumor microenvironment. This is due to large differences in physiological conditions as well as morphology between 2D cancer models and in vivo tumors. Factors such as therapy resistance, drug transport and binding, cell invasion and migration of tumors cannot be effectively studied in vitro with the use of these cancer models. Hence, selecting a clinically active drug is a challenging task when 2DShow MoreRelatedTobaccos Harmful Effects, Health and Economic Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesand Malaria combined, according to International Union Against Cancer. This addicting drug can in fact end up giving the user a death sentence. As the body grows older, the DNA atoms can be mutated by this seemingly harmless plant. This mutation of cells can eventually spread and the user will end up with a body full of cancer. 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The Chronicles of Research Paper Writing Service Wiseessays

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Quantitative Relations Between Transfer Processes

Question: Discuss the quantitative relations between transfer processes. Answer: 1. What is DPMO a. Defects per million opportunities is the full form of DPMO. It measures the performance of the process. The quality of highly capable process is measured using this method. It measures the opportunity of defects in per million situation. It is a measurement of the quality ensuring process of operation popularly known as six sigma. The table of six-sigma provides the value of DPMO. For level of sigma becomes six, the count of DPMO becomes 3.4 (Voehl, 2014). b. Six sigma Number of defects = 50 out of 2500 DPU = 50/2500 = .02 Here opportunity of defect is 1 in every product and the total sample size is 2500. The defect has been counted to 50 in that sample. The required defect in per million opportunity is as follows: DPMO = 20000 From the six sigma table: The 2.5 sigma can be attained by attaining DPMO of 308770 while value of DPMO at 158687 provides the 2.5 sigma of the production (Voehl, 2014). Therefore, in the present scenario, the level of sigma has attained by the concerned production is 2 sigma and just 42000 short of attaining 2.5 sigma. C. Before the shift of mean, the capability index of the process was 0.75. The Limit of specification was high enough for meeting the design specifications. However, the change in the mean of the design process lowering the value of the mean may provide the design a higher Cp but the Cpk cannot be good. The low value of capacity index due to shift of mean may reduce the quality satisfaction of the design for the customers (Wilbanks, 2012). 2. The value of capacity index in the case of dog food, we have found that both the upper and lower level of allowable capacity index are same. The value is too low for maintaining the quality of the products. The measurement also provides that the customers of dog chow may not be happy with this level of amount provided with each bag of Dog Chow. References Voehl, F. (2014).Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook. CRC Press (an imprint of Taylor Francis). Wilbanks, A. (2012).Production management. Delhi: Orange Apple.

Oxygen-poor Blood From The Body Flows Down Through The RIGHT ATRIUM To

Oxygen-poor blood from the body flows down through the RIGHT ATRIUM to fill the RIGHT VENTRICLE which pumps the blood out through the PULMONARY ARTERY to the lungs. As blood flows through the LUNGS it gives up the waste carbon dioxide and gains more oxygen from the inhaled air. The freshly oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart by way of the PULMONARY VEINS. Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs flows down through the LEFT ATRIUM to fill the LEFT VENTRICLE which pumps it into the AORTA, the main artery to the body. The blood passes from the aorta into smaller ARTERIES which carry it to all body organs and tissues. There it flows into the smalles arterial branches, the ARTERIOLES. From the arterioles, blood flows into dense networks of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called CAPILLARIES. Oxygen and nutrients in the blood easily pass through the thin capillary walls to the cells, and carbon dioxide and other cellular waste products can pass back through the walls into the blood to be carried away.